![]() ![]() (red) and Astragalus propinquus Schischkin (confidence score = 0.91). showed the highest correlation (confidence score = 0.93), followed by Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (white) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. According to the Spearman correlation analysis on interactions among medicinal materials with an RFC > 0.2 in the oral skin whitening prescriptions, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Pharmacological analysis indicated that these medicinal materials may promote wound healing, treat inflammatory skin diseases, or anti-hyperpigmentation. Additionally, mainly tonifying and replenishing effects of the materials were noted. Oral skin whitening prescriptions were found to be mostly warm (46%) and sweet (53%), while external skin whitening prescriptions included cold (43%) and bitter (29%) medicinal materials. The Apiaceae (10% 13%) and Leguminosae (9% 11%) were the main sources of oral and external medicinal materials, respectively. After analysis, 90 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were obtained. Of the purchased 74 skin whitening prescriptions, 36 were oral prescriptions, 37 were external prescriptions, and one prescription could be used as an oral or external prescription. Correlation analysis of commonly used medicinal materials was carried out to identify the core component of the medicinal materials. Commonly used medicinal materials were defined as those with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) > 0.2 and their characteristics were evaluated. Herein, we investigated 74 skin whitening prescriptions sold in TCM pharmacies in Taiwan. The increasing interest and demand for skin whitening products globally, particularly in Asia, have necessitated rapid advances in research on skin whitening products used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). ![]()
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February 2023
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